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The Brushless Motor: What is it, how does it work, and what advantages does it offer?
A brushless motor is a type of direct current motor that does not require brushes to transfer current to the rotor (the rotating part). Brushes are devices that slide on the collector, a part of the rotor where copper wires are wound. This system, used in conventional motors, has some drawbacks: it requires maintenance, generates sparks and noise, and limits the speed and lifespan of the motor.
The brushless motor eliminates these problems through a different arrangement of components. The rotor has permanent magnets attracted by fixed electromagnets in the stator (the stationary part of the motor). The electromagnets are powered by an electronic circuit that controls the sequence and polarity of the current. This way, the rotor is always rotated in the same direction, following the magnetic field generated by the electromagnets.
The brushless motor has several advantages over the brushed motor. It is more reliable since it has no parts subject to wear or overheating. It is quieter because it has no friction. For the same reason, it is safer as it does not generate sparks and can be used in environments with flammable gases. It is more efficient, consuming less energy. Finally, the brushless motor offers a more competitive price for the same performance compared to conventional brushed motors.
Despite its numerous advantages, the brushless motor requires careful consideration of its limitations, such as the need for a Hall sensor to control the excitation sequence of the electromagnets, and the specific power per unit weight of the motor, which is lower than that of conventional motors due to the use of permanent magnets instead of a second stator.
The brushless motor is therefore ideal for applications that require high performance, such as drones, electric bicycles, robots, pumps, fans, machine tools, and medical devices.
On the market, there are various types of brushless motors with different characteristics depending on the requirements. The decision to use this type of motor should be based on a thorough evaluation of the needs and specifications of each application, referring to the manufacturer’s technical specifications or consulting an expert like DIMEL when making a purchase to find the best available alternative.
The brushless motor eliminates these problems through a different arrangement of components. The rotor has permanent magnets attracted by fixed electromagnets in the stator (the stationary part of the motor). The electromagnets are powered by an electronic circuit that controls the sequence and polarity of the current. This way, the rotor is always rotated in the same direction, following the magnetic field generated by the electromagnets.
The brushless motor has several advantages over the brushed motor. It is more reliable since it has no parts subject to wear or overheating. It is quieter because it has no friction. For the same reason, it is safer as it does not generate sparks and can be used in environments with flammable gases. It is more efficient, consuming less energy. Finally, the brushless motor offers a more competitive price for the same performance compared to conventional brushed motors.
Despite its numerous advantages, the brushless motor requires careful consideration of its limitations, such as the need for a Hall sensor to control the excitation sequence of the electromagnets, and the specific power per unit weight of the motor, which is lower than that of conventional motors due to the use of permanent magnets instead of a second stator.
The brushless motor is therefore ideal for applications that require high performance, such as drones, electric bicycles, robots, pumps, fans, machine tools, and medical devices.
On the market, there are various types of brushless motors with different characteristics depending on the requirements. The decision to use this type of motor should be based on a thorough evaluation of the needs and specifications of each application, referring to the manufacturer’s technical specifications or consulting an expert like DIMEL when making a purchase to find the best available alternative.